02 – Pentire Point to Widemouth
Kerdroyow Nans Karnek
c.2600-700BC
These carvings were first attributed to the Bronze Age (possibly 1800-1400BC) when first studied due to their similarity with examples across Europe.
c.5th-11th Centuries
Labyrinths were also popular in Christian symbolism and can be found decorating cathedrals, palaces and gardens.
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The ruins of a mill which produced yarns and blankets sits next to the Rocky Valley Labyrinths. Although the mill is not recorded before the tithe map of 1841, the adjacent millers dwelling is said to be pre-16th century, and hints to a long industrial history of this valley.
1950's
The site was first rediscovered in 1948 and studied throughout the 1950's by local antiquarians. In 1958 the site was designated a scheduled monument, protected by law for future generations to learn from and enjoy.
Carved into the cliffs of Rocky Valley are two mysterious spiral designs known as labyrinths. They were first properly studied in 1955 by archaeologist Raleigh Radford, who thought they might be from the Bronze Age, around 4,500 to 2,800 years ago. Their patterns look very similar to other ancient carvings found across Europe.
But not everyone agrees. Because the carvings are so clear and well-preserved, some people think they could be more recent. The rock itself is quite soft, and the deep cuts show signs that they might have been made using modern tools rather than ancient ones.
Rocky Valley Labyrinths was part of Cornwall National Landscape’s A Monumental Improvement Project, which aimed to ensure that 40 scheduled monuments across Cornwall National Landscape were better protected, identified and enjoyed by a wider range of people. Between 2022 – 2025, the Project delivered conservation repairs, installed new heritage interpretation signage, ran a range of community volunteering events and developed new website resources. The Project was primarily funded thanks to The National Lottery Heritage Fund, with support from our other partners – Cornwall Council, Historic England, The National Trust, Cornwall Heritage Trust and Cornwall Archaeological Society.
The Rocky Valley labyrinths are unique. They are the only known examples of this type of carving anywhere in Cornwall, making them a very rare and special find. Even though we’re not sure exactly when they were made, their design connects them to an ancient tradition seen all across Europe.
Labyrinths like these have been carved into rocks, tombs and even coins. They often show one single, winding path leading to the centre and back out again, a bit like a journey through life itself. Some experts think they symbolised important ideas, like the path people take from birth to death, or the way ancient people moved through the land.
It is thought the symbol represents the inescapable cycle of life. The people of the Neolithic were deeply connected to the landscape, and it is suggested that the wondering pathways represent their journeying over the land and through their lives – entering the world and finally arriving at the centre where they can only leave by their death. This labyrinth design still has the power to influence people today.
Much of the labyrinthine symbolism is thought to have been influenced from the island of Crete. In Greek myth, the Minotaur was a monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man who was imprisoned in a dark underground labyrinth at Knossos, and ‘classical’ Labyrinths appear on Cretan coins dating to around 400BC. However, the same design, is found in a rock-cut tomb in the Mediterranean island of Sardinia and is said to be from the Neolithic period. Another is carved into a rock in Galacia, Northern Spain, and is thought to be early Bronze age.
Such labyrinths are not exclusively prehistoric. They became incorporated into Roman culture and were also popular in early Christian symbolism during the medieval period. They also perhaps have a meaning of their own not connected to religion as we know it.
Gallery
Video Gallery
3D Model of Labyrinth Carvings
3D Model of Labyrinth Carvings Detail
3D Model of Later Carvings
3D Model of the Labyrinth site
3D Model of Carving 1 and Coins
The main stars of Rocky Valley are the two spiral carvings, known as labyrinths, set into a tall rock face. Each one is about 20 centimetres across – about the size of a small plate and carefully carved into the stone. They follow a classic seven-ring design, with one single winding path leading all the way to the middle and back again.
You’ll find the labyrinths near a small stream, surrounded by the wild beauty of Rocky Valley. Look closely and you’ll spot how smooth and neat the carvings are, which makes them stand out so clearly after all these years.
Rocky Valley isn’t just about the carvings, it’s also a brilliant place for spotting plants and animals. The valley’s damp, shady rocks are perfect for mosses, ferns and wildflowers, especially in spring and early summer. You might see colourful bluebells, foxgloves and even rare plants like the Cornish moneywort, which only grows in special places like this.
If you’re lucky and quiet, you might also spot wildlife! Buzzards often glide overhead, and small birds like wrens and robins hop between the bushes. The stream is home to insects like dragonflies and if you look carefully, you might even see a grey wagtail bobbing by the water’s edge. Rocky Valley is full of life, just waiting to be discovered.
Rocky Valley is a very special place and it needs everyone’s help to keep it that way. Please stay on the paths to protect the plants and stop the cliffs from getting damaged. Try not to touch the labyrinth carvings, as even gentle hands can wear away the stone over time. Take any litter home with you and leave nature just as you found it, so that future visitors can enjoy the magic of Rocky Valley too!
Looking after Rocky Valley and its ancient carvings isn’t always easy. The soft rock can wear away quickly from weather, water and too many visitors touching the surface. Local groups and volunteers work hard to protect the site by managing footpaths, putting up signs and helping people learn how to visit carefully. One of the biggest challenges is finding the right balance between letting people enjoy this beautiful place and making sure the labyrinths stay safe for many more years to come.
Plan your visit with essential details on transport and parking options, available facilities, route descriptions and accessibility information to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience at any of our historical monuments.
When enjoying the countryside, it’s important to follow the Countryside Code to protect nature and preserve its beauty for everyone. This includes simple, respectful actions like not littering, always take your rubbish home or dispose of it properly in bins. Stick to designated paths to avoid damaging crops or wildlife habitats, and keep gates and property as you find them, whether open or closed. Be mindful of livestock and wildlife by keeping dogs under control and not disturbing animals. By following these guidelines, you contribute to the protection of the environment and ensure that others can enjoy the countryside as well.
The paths through Rocky Valley are uneven and can be slippery, so they may be tricky for wheelchairs, buggies and anyone who finds walking difficult.
There are no toilets, cafés or shops at Rocky Valley, so please come prepared for your visit.
There is limited parking nearby along the road, but it can get busy, especially in summer. Please park carefully and respect local access.
You can play a part in preserving its beauty and history for future generations. Volunteering opportunities range from helping with conservation efforts to assisting with educational programmes and community events. Whether you have a passion for nature, history, or simply love the outdoors, there’s a way for you to contribute. Join us and make a difference while connecting with others who share your enthusiasm for Cornwall’s heritage.
Cornwall National Landscape is a non-profit organisation that conserves the unique landscapes, wildlife, and cultural heritage of Cornwall. Volunteering for the protected landscape provides a rewarding experience of giving back to the community and preserving the Cornwall's natural beauty.
Discover a wealth of knowledge in our Resources section, where you can download detailed research documents, reports, and source material compiled by our archaeology team to enhance your understanding of the site.
